Glossary (Chemistry Reference Sheet) Page 3
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3Glossary (continued)
reactant
A substance going into a chemical
solution
A mixture in which one substance is
reaction. When a piece of paper burns,
spread out so evenly in another substance
the paper and the oxygen in the air are
that you can’t tell the substances apart.
reactants. If either reactant is missing, the
Sugar dissolved in water is a solution.
reaction will not happen. Iron and oxygen
The sugar molecules are evenly spread
are reactants when rust forms, and carbon
throughout the water. The sugar and water
dioxide and water are reactants when plants
molecules are so small, you can’t tell them
make food.
apart.
salt
The product of a chemical reaction
surface tension
The force acting on the
between an acid and a base. When an acid
molecules at the surface of a liquid
combines with a base, a salt and water are
that causes the liquid to form rounded
produced. For example, when hydrochloric
drops. Surface tension is a force between
acid (stomach acid) and the base sodium
molecules. It is what allows some insects to
hydroxide (lye) react, the products are water
move across the surface of a pond without
and sodium chloride, table salt.
falling in.
solubility
A measure of how easily one
suspension
A mixture in which solid
substance dissolves in another substance.
particles are suspended in a liquid. After
When you add sugar to iced tea, the
a rain, a pond might look muddy instead
sugar dissolves. If you keep adding sugar,
of clear. Mud particles are larger than
eventually no more sugar dissolves. The
water molecules, so these particles and
amount of sugar dissolved at this time and
water don’t form a solution. They form a
the volume of tea can be used to fi nd the
suspension. After a while, the particles will
solubility of sugar in water.
settle out of the water.
R3
GLOSSARY
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