Bonding Worksheet Page 2
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1
2
3Review and Assessment
Checking Concepts
An element whose atoms have eight
11.
valence electrons is less reactive, because it
does not require any additional electrons to
Which element is less reactive, an element
Use the electron dot diagrams below to
11.
become stable.
answer Questions 21–25.
whose atoms have seven valence electrons or
Because a lot of energy is required to
12.
an element whose atoms have eight valence
electrons? Explain.
break their strong ionic bonds
H
Ar
Na
Why do ionic compounds generally have high
12.
13.
Two atoms of hydrogen, one atom of
melting points?
sulfur, and four atoms of oxygen
Hydrogen
Argon
Sodium
The formula of sulfuric acid is H
SO
. How
13.
2
4
An ionic bond forms as a result of an
14.
many atoms of hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen
attraction between oppositely charged ions.
are in one molecule of sulfuric acid?
N
O
Cl
A covalent bond forms when two atoms
14.
How is the formation of an ionic bond
share one or more pairs of electrons.
different from the formation of a covalent
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Chlorine
bond?
Because each atom exerts the same pull
15.
on the shared electrons.
Why is the covalent bond between two atoms
15.
21.
Predicting
When nitrogen and hydrogen
of the same element a nonpolar bond?
combine, what will be the ratio of hydrogen
16.
The valence electrons in metals are only
atoms to nitrogen atoms in a molecule of the
Explain how metallic bonding causes metals
16.
loosely held by the positively charged ions,
resulting compound? Explain.
to conduct electric current.
allowing them to move freely among the ions
22.
Inferring
Which of these elements can
Thinking Critically
and conduct electricity.
become stable by losing one electron? Explain.
23.
Drawing Conclusions
Which of these
Thinking Critically
What information
17.
Making Generalizations
elements is least likely to react with other
Sample answer: Elements within the
17.
does the organization of the periodic table tell
elements? Explain.
same group have the same number of
you about how reactive an element may be?
Which of these
24.
Interpreting Diagrams
valence electrons in their atoms, and the
Classify each molecule below as
18.
Classifying
elements would react with two atoms of
number of valence electrons determines how
either a polar molecule or a nonpolar
sodium to form an ionic compound? Explain.
molecule. Explain your reasoning.
elements react. The reactivity of metals
25.
Classifying
What type of bond forms when
decreases from left to right across the table.
two atoms of nitrogen join to form a nitrogen
The Group 17 elements are the most reactive
molecule? When two atoms of oxygen join to
form an oxygen molecule?
nonmetals. The Group 18 elements are the
least reactive elements of all.
Both molecules are nonpolar. The
18.
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
oxygen atoms in the oxygen molecule pull
equally on the shared electrons. The oxygen
Performance Assessment
Present your models
Many molecular
19.
Relating Cause and Effect
to the class, telling what the parts of each model
atoms in carbon dioxide each pull more
compounds with small molecules are gases at
represent. Explain why you chose particular items
room temperature. Water, however, is a
strongly than the carbon atom does, creating
to model the atoms and chemical bonds. Which
liquid. Use what you know about polar and
polar bonds. But the oxygen atoms pull in
kind of bonds were easier to show? Why? What
nonpolar molecules to explain this difference.
opposite directions, so the polar bonds
more would you like to know about bonding that
(Hint: Molecules of a gas are much farther
cancel each other out.
could help improve your models?
apart than molecules of a liquid.)
Because water is polar, water molecules
19.
20.
Applying Concepts
Why does a metal
horseshoe bend but not break when a
have positive and negative ends. This causes
blacksmith pounds it into shape?
water molecules to be attracted to one
Applying Skills
another and form a liquid at room
temperature. Nonpolar molecules, lacking
206 ◆
this type of attraction, can move farther
apart and form a gas at room temperature.
20.
Because the horseshoe is metal,
Sodium can become stable by losing one
Covalent bonds form in both cases. A
22.
25.
pounding it causes the positive metal ions to
electron, leaving it with eight electrons in its
triple bond forms when two atoms of
change position, but the metallic bonds
next level.
nitrogen join, and a double bond forms
between the ions and the freely moving
when two atoms of oxygen form.
23.
Argon is least likely to react; it has a
valence electrons keep the metal ions from
stable set of eight valence electrons.
breaking apart.
24.
Oxygen would react with two atoms
of sodium to form an ionic compound. An
Applying Skills
oxide ion has a charge of 2− and needs two
21.
There will be three hydrogen atoms
sodium ions, each with a 1+ charge, to
to one nitrogen atom. That combination
balance it.
gives the nitrogen atom eight valence
electrons and each hydrogen atom two
valence electrons.
206
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