Solubility Rules And Activity Of Metals Reference Sheet printable pdf download

Solubility Rules And Activity Of Metals Reference Sheet

Supplemental Chemical Reactions 5-2

Solubility Rules and Activity of Metals Reference Sheet

Solubility Rules

Activity Series of Metals

The following general rules apply to most ionic compounds in water:

In single replacement reactions, a metal in its free state (elemental, unbonded

form) will replace any metal below it on the activity series.

All inorganic acids and low-molecular weight organic acids are soluble.

All alkali metal (Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) and ammonium (NH

) compounds

are soluble.

All acetate, perchlorate, chlorate, and nitrate compounds are soluble.

Silver, lead, mercury compounds are insoluble.

Chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble.

Carbonates, hydroxides*, oxides, phosphates, silicates, sulfites, and

sulfides* are insoluble.

Sulfates are soluble except for calcium, strontium, lead, mercury, silver, and

barium.

Chromates are insoluble, except for calcium and strontium.

* Exception: Hydroxides and sulfides of Ca, Sr, and Ba are soluble.

These rules are applied in the order they are presented here; that is, a rule higher

in the list takes precedence over one lower in the list.

For example, PbSO

is insoluble because rule 4 (which indicates that

compounds of lead are insoluble) comes before rule 7 (which indicates that

sulfates are soluble with the noted exceptions). Similarly, AgCl is

insoluble because rule 4 takes precedence over rule 5.

Activity of Nonmetals

In single replacement reactions, a nonmetal in its free state (elemental,

unbonded form) will replace any nonmetal below it on the activity series.

Solubility Rules And Activity Of Metals Reference Sheet