Staar Chemistry Reference Materials
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4STAAR CHEMISTRY
STA
AR
TM
REFERENCE MATERIALS
State of Texas
Assessments of
Academic Readiness
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
=
c
=
f λ
Speed of light
(frequency)(wavelength)
=
=
E
hf
Energy
(Planck’s constant)(frequency)
photon
hc
(Planck’s constant)(speed of light)
=
Energy
E
=
λ
(wavelength)
photon
BEHAVIOR OF GASES
(
)
sum of the partial pressures
=
P
P
P
P
. . .
Total pressure of a gas
=
+
+
+
of the component gases
T
1
2
3
=
(Pressure)(volume)
PV
nRT
(moles)(ideal gas constant)(temperature)
=
PV
P V
(Initial pressure)(initial volume)
(final pressure)(final
volume)
1 1
2 2
=
=
n T
n T
(Initial moles s )(initial temperature)
(final moles)(final temperature)
1 1
2 2
=
(Initial pressure)(initial volume)
PV
=
P V
(final pressure)(final volume)
1 1
2 2
V
V
(Initial volume)
(final volume)
1
2
=
=
T
T
(Initial temperature)
(final temperature)
1
2
V
V
(Initial volume)
(final volume)
=
1
2
=
n
n
(Initial moles)
(final moles)
1
2
SOLUTIONS
mol
moles of solute
Molarity
M =
=
liter of solution
L
(
)(
)
hydrogen ion
hydroxide ion
+
=
−
Ionization constant of water
K
[H ][OH ]
=
concentration
concentration
w
(
)(
)
(
)(
)
Volume of
molarity of
volume of
molarity of
V M
V M
=
=
1
1
2
2
solution 1
solution 1
solution 2
solution 2
+
=
pH
pH
log[H ]
= −
-logarithm (hydrogen ion concentration)
THERMOCHEMISTRY
(
)(
)
specific
change in
=
Q
mc
T
Heat gained or lost
=
∆
(mass)
heat
temperature
p
(
)
(
)
Enthalpy of
enthalpy
enthalpy
-
o
o
=
∆
H
=
∆
H
−
∆
H
(products)
(reactants)
f
f
reaction
of products
of reactants
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