Addition And Subtraction Facts
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It is important that the learners are not
Addition and subtraction facts
drilled in a basic fact until they at least have
an efficient strategy for working it out. For
example, if the learner has to count to work out
Number Facts progression, 2nd step
7 + 8 = 15, they are not ready to practise it for
The purpose of the activity
quick recall. Once they can work it out quickly,
In this activity, the learners develop strategies
for example, by working from 7 + 7 = 14, then
that will help them remember and recall the basic
they could use drill or practice activities to
addition and subtraction facts. The learners focus
develop mastery of the basic facts.
on learning those facts they are not able to
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Discuss with the learners the reasons why they
recall quickly.
need to be able to work out facts, rather than
The teaching points
just rely on memory.
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Basic facts for addition are the combinations
Resources
where both addends are less than 10.
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Flash cards for the addition basic facts.
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Recalling basic facts is often referred to as
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Flash cards for the subtraction basic facts.
‘mastery’ and means that a learner can give
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Addition facts chart.
a quick response (within about 3 seconds)
without having to work out the fact by a
The guided teaching and learning sequence
method such as counting.
1. First you need to find out the ‘gaps’ for each
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Number relationships are the foundation for
learner. Do this by ‘testing’ the addition basic
strategies that help learners remember basic
facts, one at a time, using flash cards. If the
facts.
learner responds quickly (within 3 seconds) and
without obviously counting to solve the fact,
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All of the addition basic facts are conceptually
place it in their ‘known’ pile. Continue with all
related, which means you can figure out new or
the facts until they are sorted into two piles
unknown facts from those you already know.
– those that are known and those that need to
For example, if you know that 8 + 8 = 16, you can
be learnt.
work out that 8 + 9 = 17 by adding one more.
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Subtraction facts correspond to addition facts. For
example, 3 + 4 = 7, 4 + 3 = 7, 7 – 3 = 4, 7 – 4 = 3.
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Traditionally drill has been the most popular
approach used in schools for students to learn
to recall their basic facts. However, the very
fact that some adult learners do not know
their addition and/or multiplication basic facts
suggests that drill alone does not work for
many learners.
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