General Solubility Rules
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1GENERAL SOLUBILITY RULES
*
Solubility of Ionic Compounds
Soluble Compounds:
Exceptions:
Almost all salts of sodium (Na + ),
1.
potassium (K + ) and ammonium (NH 4 + ).
-
-
2.
All chlorides (Cl
),⎯Bromides (Br
)
Halide salts of Ag + , Hg 2 2+, Pb 2+
-
and iodides (I
)
[halide salts]
-
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
3.
Compounds containing fluoride (F
)
Fluorides of Mg
, Ca
, Sr
, Ba
, Pb
Acetates of Ag + and Hg 2 2+ only
-
-
4.
All nitrates (
), chlorates (
),
NO 3
ClO
3
-
-
perchlorates (
), acetates
moderately soluble
ClO 4
(C 2 H 3 O 2
)
All sulfate salts (SO 4 2- )
Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Pb 2+ , (Ca 2+ , Ag + are
5.
moderately soluble)
Poorly Soluble Salts:
Exceptions:
All carbonates (CO 3 2- )
Na + , K + , NH 4 +
6.
Phosphates (PO 4 3- )
Chromates (CrO 4 2- )
2-
Oxalates (C
O
)
2
4
− )
Group 1 & 2 cations and NH 4 +
2
7.
All sulfides (S
Group 1 & NH 4 + , (Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ and Ba 2+
2-
-
8.
All hydroxides (OH
) & oxides (O
)
are moderately soluble)
th
*
Adapted from Kotz & Treichel, 4
Ed., "Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity", p. 184.
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