Ap Chemistry Equations & Constants Chart

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AP Chemistry Equations & Constants
ADVANCED PLACEMENT CHEMISTRY EQUATIONS AND CONSTANTS
ADVANCED PLACEMENT CHEMISTRY EQUATIONS AND CONSTANTS
Throughout the test the following symbols have the definitions specified unless otherwise noted.
Throughout the test the following symbols have the definitions specified unless otherwise noted.
L, mL = liter(s), milliliter(s)
L, mL = liter(s), milliliter(s)
mm Hg = millimeters of mercury
mm Hg = millimeters of mercury
g
= gram(s)
J, kJ
= joule(s), kilojoule(s)
g
= gram(s)
J, kJ
= joule(s), kilojoule(s)
nm
nm
= nanometer(s)
= nanometer(s)
V
V
= volt(s)
= volt(s)
atm
atm
= atmosphere(s)
= atmosphere(s)
mol
mol
= mole(s)
= mole(s)
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
E = energy
E = energy
ν
ν
E = h
E = h
ν
ν
= frequency
= frequency
λν
λν
c =
c =
λ
λ
= wavelength
= wavelength
−34
−34
Planck’s constant, h = 6.626 × 10
Planck’s constant, h = 6.626 × 10
J s
J s
−1
−1
Speed of light, c = 2.998 × 10
Speed of light, c = 2.998 × 10
8
8
m s
m s
−1
−1
Avogadro’s number = 6.022 × 10
23
Avogadro’s number = 6.022 × 10
23
mol
mol
−19
−19
Electron charge, e = −1.602 × 10
Electron charge, e = −1.602 × 10
coulomb
coulomb
EQUILIBRIUM
EQUILIBRIUM
c
c
d
d
[C] [D]
[C] [D]
K
K
=
=
, where a A + b B
, where a A + b B
c C + d D
c C + d D
Equilibrium Constants
Equilibrium Constants
c
c
a
a
b
b
[A] [B]
[A] [B]
K
K
(molar concentrations)
(molar concentrations)
c
c
d
d
c
c
(
(
P
) (
) (
P
)
)
P
P
C
C
D
D
K
=
=
K
K
(gas pressures)
(gas pressures)
K
p
p
a
a
b
b
p
(
(
P
P
) (
) (
P
P
)
)
p
A
A
B
B
K
K
(weak acid)
(weak acid)
a
a
+
+
-
-
[H ][A ]
[H ][A ]
K
K
=
=
K
K
(weak base)
(weak base)
a
a
[HA]
b
b
[HA]
K
(water)
(water)
K
-
-
+
+
w
w
[OH ][HB ]
[OH ][HB ]
=
K
K
=
b
b
[B]
[B]
−
−
−14
−14
+
+
] = 1.0 × 10
] = 1.0 × 10
= [H
][OH
at 25°C
K
K
= [H
][OH
at 25°C
w
w
× K
× K
= K
= K
a
a
b
b
−
−
pH = −log[H
pH = −log[H
+
+
] , pOH = −log[OH
] , pOH = −log[OH
]
]
14 = pH + pOH
14 = pH + pOH
-
-
[A ]
[A ]
pH = pK
pH = pK
+ log
+ log
a
a
[HA]
[HA]
= −logK
= −logK
= −logK
= −logK
pK
pK
, pK
, pK
a
a
b
b
a
a
b
b
KINETICS
KINETICS
− ln[A]
− ln[A]
= − kt
= − kt
ln[A]
ln[A]
t
t
0
0
k = rate constant
k = rate constant
1
1
1
1
t = time
t = time
-
-
= kt
= kt
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
A
A
A
A
t ½ = half-life
t ½ = half-life
t
t
0
0
0.693
0.693
t ½ =
t ½ =
k
k

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