Atoms And Elements Worksheet Page 12
ADVERTISEMENT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18Orbital Diagrams
We can represent the electrons in orbitals by means of orbital diagrams .
We use a box to show an orbital, an arrow, pointing upward, to represent a single
electron, and a pair of arrows pointing in opposite directions to represent two electrons.
See worked example 2-3.
When drawing orbital diagrams, use the following rules:
• Orbitals fill in the order of increasing energy. See Figure 2.1.
• Each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons.
• When there is a set of orbitals of equal energy, each orbital is occupied by a single
electron before a second electron enters. For example, all three p orbitals must be
half-filled (contain one electron) before the second electron enters.
Worked Example 2-5
Write the electron configuration and draw orbital diagrams for the first eight
elements in the periodic table.
Solution
atom electron
configuration
orbital diagram
↑
1
H
1s
1s
↑↓
2
He 1s
1s
↑↓
↑
2
1
Li
1s
2s
1s
2s
↑↓
↑↓
2
2
Be 1s
2s
1s
2s
↑↓
↑↓
↑
2
2
1
B
1s
2s
2p
1s
2s
2p
↑↓
↑↓
↑
↑
2
2
2
C
1s
2s
2p
1s
2s
2p
↑↓
↑↓
↑
↑
↑
2
2
3
N
1s
2s
2p
1s
2s
2p
↑↓
↑↓
↑↓ ↑
↑
2
2
4
O
1s
2s
2p
1s
2s
2p
2-12
ADVERTISEMENT
0 votes
Related Articles
Related forms
Related Categories
Parent category: Education