Salinity And Concentration Problems Conversion Worksheet
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21.2 Salinity and Concentration Problems
21.2
Bodies of water like ponds, lakes, and oceans contain solutions of dissolved substances. Often these substances
are in small quantities, measured in parts per thousand (ppt), parts per million (ppm), and parts per billion (ppb).
This skill sheet will provide you with practice in using these quantities and in doing calculations with them.
Unit conversions
Table 1 below provides unit conversions that will be helpful to you as you complete this skill sheet.
Table 1: Unit Conversions
Milligrams
=
Grams
=
Kilograms
=
Liters of water
1
0.001
0.000 001
0.000 001
10
0.01
0.000 01
0.000 01
1,000
1
0.001
0.001
1,000,000
1,000
1
1
1,000,000,000
1,000,000
1,000
1,000
Review: working with small concentrations
When working with small concentrations, remember that the units of the numerator and denominator must
match, as shown in the examples below.
A. Parts per thousand (ppt)
Example: 0.009 grams of phosphate in about 1000 grams of oxygenated water makes a solution that has an
phosphate concentration of 0.009 ppt.
0.009 grams
---------------------------- -
=
0.009 ppt
1,000 grams
B. Parts per million (ppm)
Example: A good level of oxygen in a pond is 9 ppm. This means that there are 9 milligrams of oxygen for every
one liter (1000 grams) of oxygenated water.
9 milligrams
9 milligrams
9 milligrams
----------------------------- -
=
----------------------------- -
=
-------------------------------------------------- -
=
9 ppm
1 liter
1,000 grams
1,000,000 milligrams
C. Parts per billion (ppb)
Example: The concentration of trace elements in seawater is very low. For example, the concentration of iron in
seawater is 0.06 ppb. This means that there are 0.06 mg of iron in 1,000 liters of water. One thousand liters is
equal to 1,000 times 1,000 grams of seawater.
0.06 milligrams
0.06 milligrams
0.06 milligrams
0.06 milligrams
------------------------------------------------------------- -
------------------------------------- -
=
------------------------------------------------ -
=
--------------------------------------- -
=
=
0.06 ppb
×
1,000,000,000 milligrams
1,000 liters
1,000 1,000 grams
1,000,000 grams
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