4.94 You choose to investigate some of the solubility guidelines for two ions not listed in Table
2-
2-
4.1, the chromate ion (CrO
) and the oxalate ion (C
O
). You are given 0.01 M solutions
4
2
4
(A, B, C, D) of four water-soluble salts:
Solution Solute
Color of
Solution
A
Na
CrO
Yellow
2
4
B
(NH
)
C
O
Colorless
4
2
2
4
C
AgNO
Colorless
3
D
CaCl
Colorless
2
When these solutions are mixed, the following observations are made:
Expt
Solutions
Number
Mixed
Result
1
A + B
No precipitate, yellow
solution
2
A + C
Red precipitate forms
3
A + D
Yellow precipitate forms
4
B + C
White precipitate forms
5
B + D
White precipitate forms
6
C + D
White precipitate forms
(a) Write a net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs in each of the experiments. (b)
Identify the precipitate formed, if any, in each of the experiments.
[4.111] The average concentration of bromide ion in seawater is 65 mg of bromide ion per kg of
seawater. What is the molarity of the bromide ion if the density of the seawater is 1.025 g/mL?
[4.115] Federal regulations set an upper limit of 50 parts per million (ppm) of NH
in the air in a
3
work environment [that is, 50 molecules of NH
(g) for every million molecules in the air]. Air
3
from a manufacturing operation was drawn through a solution containing 1.00 x 102 mL of
0.0105 M HCl. The NH
reacts with HCl as follows:
3
(aq) + HCl (aq) ! NH
NH
Cl (aq)
3
4
After drawing air through the acid solution for 10.0 min at a rate of 10.0 L/min , the acid was
titrated. The remaining acid needed 13.1 mL of 0.0588 M NaOH to reach the equivalence point.
(a) How many grams of NH
were drawn into the acid solution? (b) How many ppm of NH
3
3
were in the air? (Air has a density of 1.20 g/L and an average molar mass of 29.0 g/mol under
the conditions of the experiment.) (c) Is this manufacturer in compliance with regulations?
5.4 The contents of the closed box in each of the following
illustrations represent a system, and the arrows show the
changes to the system during some process. The lengths of
the arrows represent the relative magnitudes of q and w. (a)
Which of these processes is endothermic? (b) For which of
these processes, if any, is ΔE < 0? (c) For which process, if
any, does the system experience a net gain in internal
energy? [Section 5.2]
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