Ap Chemistry Worksheet - Dr. Kathleen Gorski, Wilbraham And Monson Acaddemy Page 14
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246.100 (a) Account for formation of the following series of oxides in terms of the electron
configurations of the elements and the discussion of ionic compounds in Section 2.7: K
O,
2
CaO, Sc
O, TiO
, V
O
, CeO
. (b) Name these oxides. (c) Consider the metal oxides whose
2
2
2
5
3
enthalpies of formation (in kJ mol-1) are listed here.
Oxide
K
O (s)
CaO (s)
TiO
(s)
V
O
(s)
2
2
2
5
-363.2
-635.1
-938.7
-1550.6
ΔH
°
f
Calculate the enthalpy changes in the following general reaction for each case:
M
O
(s) + H
(g) ! n M (s) + m H
O (g)
n
m
2
2
(You will need to write the balanced equation for each case and then compute ΔH°) (d) Based
on the data given, estimate a value of ΔH
° for Sc
O
.
f
2
3
7.3 Consider the A
X
molecule depicted here, where A and X are elements. The bond length in
2
4
this molecule is d
, and the four bond lengths are each d
. (a) In terms of d
and d
, how could
1
2
1
2
you define the bonding atomic radii of atoms A and X? (b) In terms of d
and d
, what would
1
2
you predict for the bond length of an X
molecule? [Section 7.3]
2
7.11 (a) What is meant by the term effective nuclear charge? (b) How does the effective nuclear
charge experienced by the valence electrons of an atom vary going from left to right across a
period of the periodic table?
7.21 Estimate the bond length from the data in Figure 7.6, and compare your value to the
experimental bond length in arsenic triiodide, AsI
, 2.55 Å.
3
7.28 Explain the following variations in atomic or ionic radii:
-
+
2+
2+
2+
2+
3+
(a) I
> I > I
, (b) Ca
> Mg
> Be
, (c) Fe > Fe
> Fe
.
7.37 For each of the following sets of atoms and ions, arrange the members in order of increasing
2-
2-
3+
2+
3+
4+
3+
2+
+
size: (a) Se
, Te
, Se; (b) Co
, Fe
, Fe
; (c) Ca, Ti
, Sc
; (d) Be
, Na
, Ne.
7.46 For each of the following pairs, indicate which element has the smaller first ionization
energy: (a) Ti, Ba; (b) Ag, Cu; (c) Ge, Cl; (d) Pb, Sb. (In each case use electron configuration
and effective nuclear charge to explain your answer.)
8
7.49 Find three examples of ions in the periodic table that have an electron configuration of nd
(n
= 3, 4, 5...).
-
7.54 What is the relationship between the ionization energy of an anion with a 1- charge such as F
and the electron affinity of the neutral atom, F?
14
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