Ap Chemistry Worksheet - Dr. Kathleen Gorski, Wilbraham And Monson Acaddemy Page 12
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24[5.114] Consider the following acid-neutralization reactions involving the strong base NaOH aq):
HNO
(aq) + NaOH (aq) ! NaNO
(aq) + H
O (l)
3
3
2
HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) ! NaCl (aq) + H
O (l)
2
+
+
(aq) + NaOH (aq) ! NH
NH
(aq) + Na
(aq) + H
O (l)
4
3
2
(a) By using data in Appendix C, calculate ΔH° for each of the reactions. (b) As we saw in
Section 4.3, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid are strong acids. Write net ionic equations for the
neutralization of these acids. (c) Compare the values of ΔH° for the first two reactions. What
can you conclude? (d) In the third equation is acting as an acid. Based on the value of ΔH° for
this reaction, do you think it is a strong or a weak acid? Explain.
[5.117] A sample of a hydrocarbon is combusted completely in O
(g) to produce 21.83 g CO
2
2
(g), 4.47 g H
O (g), and 311 kJ of heat. (a) What is the mass of the hydrocarbon sample that
2
was combusted? (b) What is the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon? (c) Calculate the value
of ΔH
° per empirical-formula unit of the hydrocarbon. (d) Do you think that the hydrocarbon is
f
one of those listed in Appendix C? Explain your answer.
5.119 World energy supplies are often measured in the unit of quadrillion British thermal units
12
(10
Btu), generally called a “quad.” In 2015, world energy consumption is projected to be
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5.81 x 10
kJ. (a) With reference to Exercise 5.17, how many quads of energy does this
quantity represent? (b) Current annual energy consumption in the United States is 99.5 quads.
Assume that all this energy is to be generated by burning CH
(g) in the form of natural gas. If
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the combustion of the CH
(g) were complete and 100% efficient, how many moles of CH
(g)
4
4
would need to be combusted in order to provide the U.S. energy demand? (c) How many
kilograms of CO
(g) would be generated in the combustion in part (b)? (d) Compare your
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answer to part (c) with information given in Exercise 5.111. Do you think that photosynthesis is
an adequate means to maintain a stable level of CO
atmosphere?
2
6.3 The following diagrams represent two electromagnetic waves. Which wave corresponds to the
higher-energy radiation?
6.9 The drawing below shows part of the orbital diagram for an element. (a) As drawn, the
drawing is incorrect. Why? (b) How would you correct the drawing without changing the
number of electrons? (c) To which group in the periodic table does the element belong?
[Section 6.8]
6.10 State where in the periodic table these elements
appear:
(a) elements with the valence-shell electron
configuration ns2np5
(b) elements that have three unpaired p electrons
(c) an element whose valence electrons are 4s24p1
(d) the d-block elements
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