Present Participles English Grammar Cheat Sheet/test With Answers
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Present Participles
> Formation
The present participle is formed by adding the ending "−−ing" to the infinitive (dropping any silent "e" at the end of the infinitive):
to sing −−>
singing
to
take
−−>
taking
to
bake
−−>
baking
to be −−>
being
to
have
−−>
having
> Use
A. The present participle may often function as an adjective:
That's an
interesting
book.
That tree is a
weeping
willow.
B. The present participle can be used as a
noun
denoting an activity (this form is also called a gerund):
Swimming
is good exercise.
Traveling
is fun.
C. The present participle can indicate
an action that is taking
place, although it cannot stand by itself as a verb. In these cases it generally
modifies a noun (or pronoun), an adverb, or a past participle:
Thinking
myself lost, I gave up all hope.
Washing
clothes is not my idea of a job.
Looking ahead
is important.
D. The present participle may be used with "while" or "by" to express an idea of
simultaneity
("while") or causality ("by") :
He finished dinner
while watching
television.
By using
a dictionary he could find all the words.
While speaking
on the phone, she doodled.
By calling
the police you saved my life!
E. The present participle of the auxiliary "have" may be used with the past participle to describe
a past condition resulting in another
action:
Having spent
all his money, he returned home.
Having told
herself that she would be too late, she accelerated.
TEST
A) Find the gerund:
1. to give | 2. to walk | 3. to sit | 4. to help
B) Fill in the blanks with BY or WHILE + a present participle. Une one of these verbs: to look, to watch, to work
1. He passed his exam __________________ very hard.
2. He did his homework __________________ TV.
3. They found the way to our house __________________ at their map.
ANSWERS
A) 1. giving | 2. walking | 3. sitting | 4. helping
B) 1. by working hard | 2. while watching TV | 3. by looking at their map
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