Early Childhood Program Participation, From The National Household Education Surveys Program Of 2012 - U.s. Department Of Education Page 13
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59Selected Findings
• Approximately 60 percent of children 5 and younger not enrolled in kindergarten were in
at least one weekly nonparental care arrangement, as reported by their parents. Among
children in a weekly nonparental care arrangement, 56 percent were attending a day care
center, preschool, or prekindergarten (center-based care); 42 percent were cared for by a
relative (relative care); and 24 percent were cared for in a private home by someone not
related to them (nonrelative care) (table 1).
• Among children with relative care, the primary caregiver for 78 percent of children was a
grandparent in the primary relative care arrangement, compared to 11 percent who were
cared for by an aunt or uncle and 10 percent whose care was provided by another relative
(table 2).
• Among children who were one to two years old, the mean length of time that they had
been in their primary care arrangement was longer for children in their primary relative
care arrangement (18 months) compared to their primary nonrelative care (15 months) or
center-based care arrangement (13 months) (table 3).
• Among families with any out-of-pocket costs for care using the primary care arrangement
in each category reported, the per child out-of-pocket costs for center-based care were
higher for children in families with incomes at or above the poverty threshold ($6.96 per
hour) compared to children in families with incomes below the poverty threshold ($3.53
per hour) (table 4).
• The most common location for children’s primary center-based care arrangement, as
reported in the survey, was a building of its own (46 percent). Other reported locations
were a church, synagogue, or other place of worship (20 percent); a public school (20
percent); and various other types of locations (14 percent) (table 5).
• Among children in a weekly nonparental care arrangement who had a parent that reported
trying to find care, 81 percent of children had parents who reported that the learning
activities of the child care arrangement were very important to them when they chose the
arrangement where their child spends the most time. This percentage varied by parental
education level, as a higher percentage of children whose parents/guardians had less than
a high school credential (92 percent) or a high school diploma or equivalent (91 percent)
had parents/guardians who reported that the learning activities at the care arrangement
were very important in their choice compared to children whose parents/guardians had a
vocational/technical degree or some college education (81 percent), children whose
parents/guardians had a bachelor’s degree (79 percent), and children whose
parents/guardians had a graduate or professional degree (71 percent) (table 6).
• Approximately 98 percent of children ages three to five who were not yet in kindergarten
had parents who taught them letters, words, or numbers in the past week; 95 percent had
parents who read to them; 94 percent had parents who sang songs with them; 86 percent
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